{"id":9257,"date":"2021-03-09T11:21:56","date_gmt":"2021-03-09T10:21:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/?p=9257"},"modified":"2021-03-09T11:21:56","modified_gmt":"2021-03-09T10:21:56","slug":"francais-les-materiaux-sont-un-levier-significatif-de-reduction-du-co2-emis-par-les-automobiles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/2021\/03\/09\/francais-les-materiaux-sont-un-levier-significatif-de-reduction-du-co2-emis-par-les-automobiles\/","title":{"rendered":"Les mat\u00e9riaux sont un levier significatif de r\u00e9duction du CO2 \u00e9mis par les automobiles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; inner_width=\u00a0\u00bbauto\u00a0\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00a0\u00bb1080px\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.4.8&Prime; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; 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header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb vertical_offset_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; horizontal_offset_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le secteur automobile s\u2019engage de plus en plus pour r\u00e9duire son empreinte environnementale, et plus sp\u00e9cifiquement ses \u00e9missions de <\/span>CO<sub>2<\/sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. La t\u00e2che s\u2019annonce complexe, car les \u00e9missions sont g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 de nombreux niveaux, qui vont \u201cdu berceau \u00e0 la tombe\u201d. A quelles conditions le choix des mat\u00e9riaux utilis\u00e9s pour r\u00e9aliser des automobiles peut-il avoir un impact significatif sur l\u2019objectif de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les mat\u00e9riaux sont un levier efficace pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de <\/span>CO<sub>2 <\/sub>par une diminution de la masse des v\u00e9hicules<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Presans-et-ICCT-2014.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9259\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Presans-et-ICCT-2014.png\" alt=\"Presans et ICCT 2014\" width=\"1872\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Presans-et-ICCT-2014.png 1872w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Presans-et-ICCT-2014-300x37.png 300w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Presans-et-ICCT-2014-1024x125.png 1024w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Presans-et-ICCT-2014-768x94.png 768w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Presans-et-ICCT-2014-1536x187.png 1536w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Presans-et-ICCT-2014-1080x132.png 1080w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Presans-et-ICCT-2014-1280x156.png 1280w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Presans-et-ICCT-2014-980x119.png 980w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Presans-et-ICCT-2014-480x58.png 480w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Presans-et-ICCT-2014-560x68.png 560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1872px) 100vw, 1872px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Source : Presans et ICCT 2014<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le choix des mat\u00e9riaux a un impact direct sur la masse du v\u00e9hicule, donc sur sa consommation d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, et donc sur ses \u00e9missions de CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. La relation entre la masse et le niveau d\u2019\u00e9missions a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement \u00e9tudi\u00e9e et peut \u00eatre facilement estim\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le potentiel de r\u00e9duction de la masse reste important en utilisant des mat\u00e9riaux plus co\u00fbteux (composites), et\/ou un traitement industriel am\u00e9lior\u00e9 (par exemple, impression 3D).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Toutefois, le choix des mat\u00e9riaux doit prendre en compte l&rsquo;ensemble du cycle de vie, ainsi que d&rsquo;autres contraintes telles que le co\u00fbt et la r\u00e9glementation. Il doit \u00e9galement tenir compte des fonctions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la gestion de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie (par exemple, l&rsquo;\u00e9lectronique de puissance ou la gestion thermique des batteries) et \u00e0 la dur\u00e9e de vie \u00e0 bord (par exemple, la climatisation), qui peuvent n&rsquo;avoir aucun impact visible sur les \u00e9missions de CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0telles que d\u00e9finies par la r\u00e9glementation en vigueur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0est en concurrence avec la satisfaction d\u2019autres contraintes<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optimiser les \u00e9missions de CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0en exploitant le levier des mat\u00e9riaux signifie :\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u00e9duire la masse ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optimiser l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prendre en compte l&rsquo;utilisation et le cycle de vie des v\u00e9hicules.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour une fonctionnalit\u00e9\/optimisation donn\u00e9e, il faut se concentrer sur :\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l&rsquo;optimisation des co\u00fbts ;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les contraintes r\u00e9glementaires portant sur les mat\u00e9riaux (par exemple, REACH, VHU, RoHS, les normes EURO X et leur \u00e9quivalent au niveau mondial)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Une approche efficace pour le meilleur choix de la combinaison de mat\u00e9riaux devrait prendre en compte :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le co\u00fbt effectif net = co\u00fbt &#8211; avantages en termes de CO<sub>2 <\/sub><\/span><span id='easy-footnote-2-9257' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/2021\/03\/09\/francais-les-materiaux-sont-un-levier-significatif-de-reduction-du-co2-emis-par-les-automobiles\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-9257' title='&lt;span&gt;En fonction de la valeur marchande du CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;\/span&gt;'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span>;<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{Produit + processus} (volumes pr\u00e9vus \/ optimisation des processus industriels).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les v\u00e9hicules contiennent une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de mat\u00e9riaux pour des utilisations diverses, et les constructeurs n\u2019ont qu\u2019une connaissance partielle de leur impact en termes d\u2019\u00e9missions<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les v\u00e9hicules contiennent une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de mat\u00e9riaux pour une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;usages r\u00e9sultant d&rsquo;efforts incessants de la part de l&rsquo;industrie automobile :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pendant des d\u00e9cennies (ann\u00e9es 70&prime;) : optimiser les contraintes {masse faible, co\u00fbt faible}.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tendance r\u00e9cente (&lt;10 ans) : s&rsquo;attaquer \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diverses caract\u00e9ristiques physiques des mat\u00e9riaux sont \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tude, en relation avec la masse : r\u00e9sistance m\u00e9canique, amortissement, tribologie, thermique, \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les progr\u00e8s dans le domaine des mat\u00e9riaux sont vastes, rapides, et s&rsquo;accompagnent de nouveaux d\u00e9fis (par exemple, la transformation des portefeuilles mondiaux de recherche et d&rsquo;innovation dans le domaine des plastiques sous l&rsquo;influence de la qu\u00eate de soutenabilit\u00e9).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La relation avec les \u00e9missions de CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0n&rsquo;est pas bien connue de l&rsquo;industrie automobile.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/SIA-dec.-2018-et-Presans.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9260 size-full\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/SIA-dec.-2018-et-Presans.png\" alt=\"SIA (de\u0301c. 2018) et Presans\" width=\"820\" height=\"938\" srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/SIA-dec.-2018-et-Presans.png 820w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/SIA-dec.-2018-et-Presans-262x300.png 262w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/SIA-dec.-2018-et-Presans-768x879.png 768w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/SIA-dec.-2018-et-Presans-480x549.png 480w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/SIA-dec.-2018-et-Presans-560x641.png 560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sources : SIA (d\u00e9c. 2018) et Presans.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les mat\u00e9riaux sont un levier environnemental significatif que le secteur automobile doit maintenant explorer \u00e0 fond\u00a0!<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malgr\u00e9 la complexit\u00e9, il est possible de trouver le compromis optimal de mat\u00e9riaux pour contribuer de mani\u00e8re significative \u00e0 l\u2019objectif de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Le nombre de possibilit\u00e9s est cependant extr\u00eamement \u00e9lev\u00e9. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/presans.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presans<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> peut vous accompagner pour approcher la question composante par composante, afin d\u2019identifier une solution satisfaisante. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_post_nav _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.14&Prime; prev_text=\u00a0\u00bbPrevious article\u00a0\u00bb next_text=\u00a0\u00bbNext article\u00a0\u00bb in_same_term=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#3d59a1&Prime; title_font=\u00a0\u00bb|800|||||||\u00a0\u00bb title_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb title_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb15px\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb10px|10px|10px|10px\u00a0\u00bb border_radii=\u00a0\u00bbon|5px|5px|5px|5px\u00a0\u00bb border_width_all=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb border_color_all=\u00a0\u00bb#3d59a1&Prime; saved_tabs=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb30px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_module=\u00a0\u00bb8506&Prime; \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n<ol class=\"easy-footnotes-wrapper\"><li class=\"easy-footnote-single\"><span id=\"easy-footnote-bottom-1-9257\" class=\"easy-footnote-margin-adjust\"><\/span>Based on the market value of CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<a class=\"easy-footnote-to-top\" href=\"#easy-footnote-1-9257\"><\/a><\/li><li class=\"easy-footnote-single\"><span id=\"easy-footnote-bottom-2-9257\" class=\"easy-footnote-margin-adjust\"><\/span><span>En fonction de la valeur marchande du CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span>.<\/span><a class=\"easy-footnote-to-top\" href=\"#easy-footnote-2-9257\"><\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les mat\u00e9riaux constituent un levier int\u00e9ressant pour contribuer \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de CO2 de l\u2019industrie automobile.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":177,"featured_media":9258,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[1072,1073,1128,1129,1328,1329,1548,1584],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9257"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/177"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9257"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9257\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}