{"id":7379,"date":"2018-09-10T14:36:21","date_gmt":"2018-09-10T13:36:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/?p=7379"},"modified":"2018-09-10T14:36:21","modified_gmt":"2018-09-10T13:36:21","slug":"albert-meige-interview-by-the-fncc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/2018\/09\/10\/albert-meige-interview-by-the-fncc\/","title":{"rendered":"Entretien avec Albert Meige de la CCFN"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime;][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime;][et_pb_text]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dans quel contexte les entreprises aujourd\u2019hui cr\u00e9ent-elles de l\u2019innovation\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui il existe trois grandes tendances principales qui ont transform\u00e9 la fa\u00e7on dans les entreprises g\u00e8rent l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n<p>Tout d\u2019abord les entreprises \u00e9voluent dans un monde o\u00f9 les connaissances \u2013 carburant de l\u2019innovation\u00a0\u2013\u00a0 ne sont plus une denr\u00e9e rare et concentr\u00e9e dans les mains des grandes entreprises. A pr\u00e9sent, les connaissances sont nombreuses, disponibles et r\u00e9parties entre un grand nombre d\u2019entit\u00e9s qui sont de plus en plus petites\u00a0et cela a eu, bien \u00e9videmment, un impact sur la mani\u00e8re dont les entreprises innovent. C\u2019est l\u2019\u00e8re de l\u2019<em>innovation ouverte<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>On remarque aussi une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration des cycles d\u2019innovation avec une fonctionnalisation des entreprises, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que les entreprises vendent de moins en moins un produit mais plut\u00f4t un service ou une fonction. Par exemple, avant on vendait une voiture, puis dans une p\u00e9riode interm\u00e9diaire on vendait une voiture avec un package de services (service de navigation\u2026) et maintenant l\u2019objectif de tous les acteurs de la mobilit\u00e9 est de vendre la fonction\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0aller de A \u00e0 B, \u00e0 la demande\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Enfin, la transformation digitale a amen\u00e9 avec elle des nouveaux acteurs qui apparaissent sur la cha\u00eene de valeurs historique et qui changent les r\u00e8gles du jeu. Ils ont entre-autre envisag\u00e9 des <em>business<\/em> de mani\u00e8re orthogonale en mettant au centre de leur pr\u00e9occupation la maximisation de la satisfaction du client.<\/p>\n<p>Ces trois tendances convergent et \u00e9voluent rapidement en grande partie du fait du num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Qu\u2019est ce qui caract\u00e9rise une entreprise innovante ou organisation ouverte\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les <em>organisations ouvertes<\/em> \u2013 qui sont la forme naturelle que prennent toutes les entreprises dans le cadre de leur transformation digitale \u2013\u00a0partagent un ensemble de caract\u00e9ristiques communes.<\/p>\n<p>Tout d\u2019abord, elles sont <em>fonctionnelles<\/em> orient\u00e9e utilisateur. Elles vendent une fonction ou un service qui cherche \u00e0 maximiser la satisfaction de l\u2019utilisateur final. Cela a un impact important sur les technologies sous-jacentes, sur le Business Model, le type de collaborateurs dont l\u2019entreprise a besoin et la fa\u00e7on de travailler etc.<\/p>\n<p>De plus, elles sont <em>data driven<\/em>. Ce ne sont pas forc\u00e9ment des business num\u00e9riques, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019elles ne vendent pas forc\u00e9ment une application mais le num\u00e9rique est pr\u00e9sent dans toutes les strates de l\u2019entreprise et est au service de l\u2019efficience op\u00e9rationnelle.<\/p>\n<p>Toutes ces entreprises mettent en \u0153uvre des <em>strat\u00e9gies de plateforme<\/em>. Un type de strat\u00e9gie de plateforme consiste \u00e0 externaliser une partie de l\u2019innovation \u00e0 des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes externes avec qui elles n\u2019ont aucun lien de subordination. Par exemple, dans un contexte B2C, lorsque Apple a lanc\u00e9 l\u2019IPhone, ils ont mis en place une plateforme d\u2019infrastructure, l\u2019Apple Store, au lieu de d\u00e9velopper eux-m\u00eames toutes les applications. Cela permet au monde ext\u00e9rieur d\u2019innover pour l\u2019entreprise en s\u2019appuyant sur ses donn\u00e9es et ses outils. General Electric a mis en place le m\u00eame type de plateforme mais dans un contexte B2B avec Predix, le premier \u00ab\u00a0Application Store\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 vocation industrielle.<\/p>\n<p>Ces entreprises ont \u00e9galement recours au <em>talent \u00e0 la demande<\/em>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019elles s\u2019organisent pour mobiliser autour d\u2019un projet, une \u00e9quipe \u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8re qui va chercher \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 un besoin sp\u00e9cifique. On a donc une organisation du travail plus fluide et plus ouverte.<\/p>\n<p>Enfin, ces entreprises se donnent des <em>missions inspirantes<\/em> et cherchent \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un monde meilleur afin de capter la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de travailleurs qui cherchent \u00e0 ce que leur travail ait du sens pour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, mais aussi pour attirer les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes externes qui participent \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019innovation pour l\u2019entreprise. A titre d\u2019exemple, Tesla n\u2019a pas pour mission de vendre des voitures mais d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la transition vers un monde \u00e9nergiquement durable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Quels conseils pourriez-vous donner a une entreprise qui souhaite entamer sa transformation digitale\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Il n\u2019existe pas de recette miracle, la transformation digitale d\u00e9pend de nombreux facteurs. De plus nous n\u2019avons pas assez de recul pour avoir des connaissances th\u00e9oriques sur ce sujet. Il existe des entreprises pr\u00e9curseuses a partir desquelles on peut tirer un savoir op\u00e9rationnel. Ainsi, tout en s\u2019inspirant d\u2019elles il faut tester, apprendre et avancer. N\u00e9anmoins si je devais donner quelques conseils qui me paraissent pertinents, je dirais que tout d\u2019abord il faut aborder la transformation digitale d\u2019un point de vue <em>syst\u00e9mique<\/em>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire en prenant toutes les fonctions de l\u2019entreprise en m\u00eame temps et en tenant compte de leurs interactions. Il faut \u00e9galement \u00eatre vigilant quant \u00e0 la <em>culture et l\u2019h\u00e9ritage<\/em> de l\u2019entreprise qui peuvent \u00eatre le premier frein \u00e0 la transformation digitale. Finalement, il faut mettre en place des m\u00e9thodes qui permettent de remettre l\u2019<em>utilisateur final au centre des pr\u00e9occupations<\/em> de l\u2019entreprise. C\u2019est notamment selon ces principes directeurs que nous accompagnons nos clients industriels dans le cadre de leur transformation digitale.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Quels sont les risques soci\u00e9taux de l\u2019innovation et plus particulierement de l\u2019Intelligence Artificielle ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Il est vrai qu\u2019il faut prendre en compte les scenarios potentiellement n\u00e9gatifs de l\u2019innovation sur les entreprises, les individus et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Si on prend le cas de l\u2019Intelligence Artificielle, il n\u2019y a pas de consensus quant \u00e0 la date o\u00f9 on parviendra au point de singularit\u00e9 c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le point o\u00f9 la machine aura au moins une intelligence \u00e9gale \u00e0 celle de l\u2019Homme. A ce moment-l\u00e0, on rentrera dans un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne r\u00e9cursif ou les Intelligences Artificielles d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es vont \u00e0 leur tour pouvoir cr\u00e9er des Intelligences Artificielles et ainsi de suite jusqu\u2019\u00e0 parvenir \u00e0 une Intelligence sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de l\u2019Homme. La grande question qui se pose alors est de savoir si les objectifs de l\u2019Intelligence Artificielle seront align\u00e9s a ceux de l\u2019Humanit\u00e9. Ce genre de question sera d\u2019ailleurs abord\u00e9 lors de l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral que nous organisons \u00ab\u00a0Dystopia\u00bb et qui tente d\u2019aborder la question de l\u2019impact de la technologie sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en croisant les regards du technologue, du chef d\u2019entreprise, du philosophe et de l\u2019artiste.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Cet entretien est d&rsquo;abord apparu sur le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ccfn.no\/index.php?id=36442\">site Internet de la Chambre de Commerce Franco-Norv\u00e9gienne<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.14&Prime; background_position=\u00a0\u00bbtop_left\u00a0\u00bb background_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb background_size=\u00a0\u00bbinitial\u00a0\u00bb global_module=\u00a0\u00bb7929&Prime;][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime;][et_pb_post_nav global_parent=\u00a0\u00bb7929&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.14&Prime; in_same_term=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#3d59a1&Prime; title_font=\u00a0\u00bb|800|||||||\u00a0\u00bb title_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb title_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb16px\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb10px|10px|10px|10px\u00a0\u00bb border_color_all=\u00a0\u00bb#3d59a1&Prime; border_width_all=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb border_radii=\u00a0\u00bbon|4px|4px|4px|4px\u00a0\u00bb \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Albert Meige interview\u00e9 par la Chambre de Commerce Franco-Norv\u00e9gienne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":177,"featured_media":7391,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<strong>In which context do companies create innovation today?<\/strong>\n\nToday there are three major trends that have transformed the way in which companies manage innovation.\n\nFirst of all, companies evolve in a world where knowledge, the fuel of innovation, is no longer a rare commodity owned by a small group of big companies. Nowadays, there is a lot of knowledge available and distributed among a large number of entities that are becoming smaller and smaller. This has, of course, had an impact on how companies innovate. This is the era of open innovation.\n\nWe\u2019ve also noticed an acceleration of innovation cycles with a functionalization of businesses, meaning that companies are selling less and less a product but rather a service or a function. For example, earlier we sold a car, then in an intermediary period we were selling a car with a package of services (navigation service\u2026), and now the goal of all players in mobility is to sell the function: \u201cgo from A to B at the request of the user\u201d.\n\nFinally, the digital transformation has brought new actors who appear on the historical value chain and who change the rules of the game. Among other things, they have considered businesses in an orthogonal way, by putting the maximization of the client\u2019s satisfaction at the center of their preoccupation.\n\nThese three trends converge and evolve rapidly, largely because of the digital world.\n\n<strong>What are the characteristics of an innovative company or open organization?<\/strong>\n\nOpen organizations - which are the natural form of businesses take as part of their digital transformation - share some common characteristics.\n\nFirst, all these companies are functional and user orientated. They sell a function or service which aims at maximizing the final user\u2019s satisfaction. This has a major impact on the underlying technologies, on the Business Model, on the kind of people the company needs and how to work etc.\n\nIn addition, these companies are also data driven. They are not necessarily digital businesses, that is to say they not necessarily selling an application but digital is in every function of the company and is at the service of the operational efficiency.\n\nAll these companies implement platform strategies. One type of platform strategy is to outsource some of the innovation to external ecosystems with which they have no subordinate relationship. For example, in a B2C context, when Apple launched the IPhone, they set up an infrastructure platform, the Apple Store, instead of developing all the applications themselves. This allows the outside world to innovate for the company by relying on its data and tools. General Electric has set up a similar type of platform but in a B2B context with Predix, the first industrial application store.\n\nThese companies also use talent on demand, which means that they organize themselves to mobilize around a project, a temporary team that will seek to meet a specific need. We therefore have a smoother and much more open organization of work.\n\nFinally, these companies provide inspiring missions and seek to participate in the development of a better world to capture the younger generation of workers who want their work to make sense for society and to attract ecosystems who participate in the creation of innovation for the company. For example, Tesla's mission is not to sell cars but to accelerate the transition to an energetically sustainable world.\n\n<strong>What kind of advice could you give to a company who wants to start its digital transformation?<\/strong>\n\nThere is no miracle recipe, digital transformation depends on many factors. Moreover, we do not have enough perspective to have theoretical knowledge on this subject. There are precursor companies from which operational knowledge can be derived. Thus, while taking inspiration from them, one must test, learn and advance. Nevertheless, if I were to give some advice that seems relevant to me, I would say that first of all we must approach the digital transformation from a systemic point of view, that is to say, by considering all the functions of the company as well as their interactions. We must also be vigilant about the culture and legacy of the company that can be the first obstacle to digital transformation. Finally, methods must be put in place to put the final user at the heart of the company's concerns. It is in accordance with these guiding principles that we support our industrial customers in the context of their digital transformation.\n\n<strong>What are the societal risks of innovation and more particularly of Artificial Intelligence?<\/strong>\n\nIt is true that we have to consider the potential negative impacts that innovation might have on companies, individuals and on the society in general. If we take the case of Artificial intelligence, there is not a consensus about when we will reach the singularity point, that is to say the moment when the robot will have at least the same Intelligence as a human being. At that moment, we will notice a recursive phenomenon in which the designed Artificial Intelligences will have the power to create new Artificial Intelligences and so on until we get an Intelligence which is superior to the humane one. So, the big question then is to know if the objectives of Artificial Intelligence will be aligned with those of Humanity. This kind of question will be discussed during the event of general interest that we are organizing, \u201cDystopia\u201d, which aims at questioning the impact of technologies on the society by crossing the views of the technologist, entrepreneur, philosopher and artist.\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">This interview first appeared on the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ccfn.no\/index.php?id=36442\">website of the Franco-Norwegian Chamber of Commerce.<\/a><\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[67,543,1225],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7379"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/177"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7379"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7379\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/open-organization.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}