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We’re celebrating Presans’ ten years of existence, so this article will be quite different from the others on open-organization.com. We asked by email to the people around us<\/span>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span> to say what they retain from the last decade in terms of excellence and impertinence, the two values of Presans.<\/p>\n The specific question we asked is the following:<\/p>\n “In your opinion, which discovery, technology, event, person or organization of the last decade best represents the values of excellence and impertinence?”<\/em><\/p>\n A question to be added to Proust’s questionnaire<\/a><\/span>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span>, to which fifty-five people replied, more or less at length, and for which we thank them warmly. We will publish separately, throughout the year, some of these answers.<\/p>\n The following is an overview of the results, divided in five sections: 1. Discoveries and inventions 2. Technologies 3. Events 4. People 5. Organizations.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1.1. CRISPR-Cas9 (mentioned by Fran\u00e7ois Nicolaie<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Michel Serpelloni<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n CRISPR-Cas9<\/span><\/a> allows a genome to be edited accurately and efficiently.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n 1.2. Maturation of Viedma (mentioned by Maximilian Kopylovich<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n This process affecting the chirality of chemical structures is described in a 2004 scientific article<\/a> by Professor Cristobal Viedma. His research touches on the origin of life, but also has a potentially huge impact on the industrial synthesis of chemicals.<\/p>\n 1.3. Organic Digital Twin (mentioned by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Leroy<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n The health industry and life sciences are integrating the digital twin concept developed in heavy industry. A paradigm shift.<\/p>\n 1.4. Valorisation of CO2 in the form of proteins (mentioned by Denise Mery<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n The process is based on the cultivation of CO2-intensive organisms in order to produce proteins.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2.1. Artificial intelligence (mentioned by Herv\u00e9 Arribart<\/a>, Philippe Mourant<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Two mentions for Artificial Intelligence, but also responses that refer to researchers or entrepreneurs in this field should be included: Yann Le Cun, Lex Friedman, Luc Julia, George Hotz, Amazon, Apple, Tesla, etc. Some articles<\/a> have been published around this theme on open-organization.com.<\/p>\n 2.2.\u00a0Additive Manufacturing (impression 3D) (mentioned by Fran\u00e7ois Nicolaie<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Philippe Bourguignon<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n The disruptive potential of 3D printing is enormous, especially due to new additive metal fabrication technologies. Our technology fact sheet<\/a> provides a first introduction to this topic.<\/p>\n 2.3. Hydrogenated water for agriculture (mentioned by Denise Mery<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n The applications of hydrogen are decidedly countless<\/a>.<\/p>\n 2.4. Gene therapy (mentioned by Wendell Iverson<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n This therapeutic strategy continued to make slow progress<\/a> during 2010.<\/p>\n 2.5. The drones (mentioned by Pascaline Le Berre<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n We’ve been talking about<\/a> drones on this blog for a long time<\/a>.<\/p>\n 2.6. New technologies to take advantage of plant proteins (mentioned by Guy Crosby<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n The future of nutrition<\/a> could lie in these alternative protein sources.<\/span><\/p>\n Virtual Reality (mentioned by <\/span>Pascaline Le Berre<\/span><\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\n The progress of virtual reality<\/a> is to be situated in the problematic of human-machine interfaces<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2.7.1. Voice instant messaging (mentioned by Vesna Lukovic<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Viber.<\/span><\/p>\n 2.7.2. Navigation (mentioned by Sylvie Br\u00e9mond-Mookherjee<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Waze, Citymapper.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n 2.7.3. Mobility (mentioned by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Febvre<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n BlaBlaCar, Drivy-GetAround, Gloowee.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 3.1. TedX (mentioned by Pascaline Le Berre<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n A conference format that developed strongly from the mid-2000s thanks to the online availability of its videos.<\/p>\n 3.2. Photonics Online Meetup (mentioned by Thomas Fromenteze<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n First online conference on optics<\/a>.<\/p>\n 3.3. Dystopia 2019 (mentioned by Camille Girard)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Alternative tech event<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n 4.1.1. Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna (mentioned by Michel Serpelloni<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Biology researchers whose work led to the discovery of CRISPR-Cas9<\/a>.<\/p>\n 4.1.2. Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland (mentioned by Pierre Millet)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Their work on the quantum computer was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2012.<\/p>\n 4.1.3. Hiroaki Kitano (mentioned by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Leroy<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Director of Sony’s computer lab and one of the creators of the AIBO robot.<\/p>\n 4.1.4. Yann Le Cun (mentioned by Pierre Delort<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Artificial intelligence researcher at Facebook and Coll\u00e8ge de France.<\/p>\n 4.1.5. Fran\u00e7ois Mar\u00e9chal (mentioned by Daniel Favrat<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Researcher in energetics at EPFL.<\/p>\n 4.1.6. Lakshminarayanan Mahadevan (mentioned byConstantino Creton<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Professor of Applied Mathematics in Biological and Physical Modeling at Harvard University.<\/p>\n 4.1.7. Val\u00e9rie Masson-Delmotte (mentioned by Philippe Dufourcq<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Paleoclimatologist member of the IPCC.<\/p>\n 4.1.8. Rita Levi Montalcini (mentioned by Maria E. Mondejar<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Doctor of Medicine and researcher in neurobiology. Died in 2012.<\/p>\n 4.1.9. Lex Friedman (mentioned by Fran\u00e7ois Bouviala<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Artificial intelligence researcher.<\/p>\n 4.1.10. Luc Julia (mentioned by Thierry Ladreyt<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n One of Siri’s designers.<\/p>\n 4.1.11. Philippe Guillemant (mentioned by Thierry Ladreyt<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Physicist, theorist of retrocausality and consciousness.<\/p>\n 4.1.12 Laurent Nottale (mentioned by Cl\u00e9ment Vidal<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Astrophysicist, theorist of relativity of scales.<\/p>\n 4.1.13 George Hotz (mentioned by Fran\u00e7ois Bouviala<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Hacker and artificial intelligence entrepreneur.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 4.2.1. Elon Musk (mentioned by Albert Meige<\/a>, Fran\u00e7ois Bouviala<\/a>, Vesna Lukovic<\/a>, Jeffery Durand<\/a>, Pascaline Le Berre<\/a>, Tianlun Li<\/a>, Christian Penu<\/a>, Virginie Merini<\/a>, Olivier Lodeho<\/a>, Thierry Ladreyt<\/a>, Anne Berthereau<\/a>, Jean-Louis Fr\u00e9chin<\/a>, C\u00e9cile Baudel<\/a> (by indirectly mentioning SpaceX))<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Elon Musk<\/span><\/a>\u00a0is usually located in connection with <\/span>SpaceX<\/span><\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<\/span>Tesla<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n 4.2.2. Steve Jobs (mentioned by Marie Nour Haikel-Elsabeh<\/a>, Jean-Louis Fr\u00e9chin<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Anne Berthereau<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Steve Jobs continues to inspire, even after his disappearance. As pointed out by one of our respondents, the massive adoption of the iPhone began in the early 2010’s.<\/p>\n 4.2.3. Xavier Niel (mentioned by J\u00e9r\u00f4me Bouquet<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Founder of Free, of the “42” school, co-initiator of Station F, Xavier Niel also appears<\/a> in a few posts published on open-organization.com.<\/p>\n 4.2.4. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Mazella (mentioned by Yves Poilane<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Founder of <\/span>Blablacar<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n 4.2.5. Dean Kamen (mentioned by Bernard Favre<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n The danger of fake news: I thought the inventor of the Segway killed himself by falling off a cliff in the Segway. He didn’t. The inventor of the Segway is Dean Kamen, and he’s doing fine.\u00a0EDIT: Actually it’s not a fake news, but a confusion on my part: it’s the 2010 buyer of the Segway company, Jim Heselden, who killed himself while riding a Segway by falling off a cliff.<\/a><\/p>\n 4.2.6. Jennifer Holmgren (mentioned by Tammy Klein<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n CEO of the carbon capture company Lanzatech.<\/p>\n 4.2.7. David Eagleman (mentioned by Laurens Vaddeli<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Neuroscientist, co-founder of Neosensory, which develops bracelets for hearing sounds through touch.<\/p>\n 4.2.8. Emmanuel Chiva (mentioned by Albert Meige<\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Director of the Defense Innovation Agency.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 4.3.1.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>S\u00e9bastien Goua<\/i><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n Groupe Associatif Siel Bleu, for health through adapted physical activity for seniors.<\/p>\n 4.3.2.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>\n
1. Discoveries and inventions<\/span><\/h3>\n
2. Technologies<\/span><\/h3>\n
2.7. Digital Applications<\/span><\/h5>\n
3. Events<\/span><\/h3>\n
4. People<\/span><\/h3>\n
4.1. Scientific & technological experts\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
4.2. Entrepreneurs<\/span><\/h5>\n
4.3. Social Entrepreneurs (self-identified)<\/span><\/h5>\n